The Modes of the Melodic Minor Scale are good to learn if you’re interested in jazz improvisation. The main reason for this is because its seventh mode is the Altered Dominant scale.

Players use the Alt Dom scale to solo over altered dominant chords (hence its name). An altered dominant chord would have tensions that are either sharped or flatted. A7(b9) or C7(b13) are examples of altered dominant chords.

Another useful mode is the Lydian Dominant, scale which can be used to improvise over Tritone Chord Substitutions.

The Modes of the Melodic Minor Scale